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Understanding Lyme-Related Symptoms and Why So Many Tests Miss Them

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Lyme-related symptoms can be complex, wide-ranging and difficult to interpret. Many people experience long-standing fatigue, neurological discomfort, joint pain, and fluctuating symptom patterns for years before finding clarity. One of the challenges is that commonly used screening tools, including the standard NHS test, do not always provide a full picture — which leaves many individuals without answers.

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We frequently hear stories like this:

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“After more than eight years of fatigue and unexplained symptoms, I finally received clarity. This was my third time being checked for Lyme. The first two came back negative, even though my symptoms continued. I had to push for answers for years.”

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Experiences like this are not unusual. When symptoms remain unexplained, it often takes a structured, multi-layered investigation to understand whether Lyme exposure, co-infections, immune responses or other underlying factors may be contributing.

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My role is to help people explore these possibilities in a safe, step-by-step, evidence-informed way — so they can better understand what may be driving their symptoms and what supportive strategies may help them move forward.

 

STAGE 1 

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QUESTIOnNAIRE

We use a set of three detailed questionnaires to help build a clearer picture of your symptoms, history, patterns and overall health profile.

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These questionnaires allow us to understand:

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  • the types of symptoms you experience

  • how long they’ve been present

  • how they fluctuate

  • which areas of health may need deeper exploration

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Once completed, your responses are reviewed using a structured assessment framework that helps identify potential patterns that may be relevant — including areas worth exploring further, such as immune stress, environmental exposures, nervous-system load, or possible tick-borne triggers.

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This helps guide which next steps may be most appropriate for you.

You can begin by completing the first questionnaire below.

STAGE 2

 

CONSULTATION

Once your questionnaires are completed, we arrange a consultation to review your responses together.


This can be done online, and the purpose is to understand your symptom patterns, history, and the areas of health that may need further exploration.

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During the consultation, we look at:

  • how your symptoms present

  • how they change over time

  • potential contributing factors

  • your goals and priorities

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From there, we can discuss which types of functional tests may be appropriate to consider, based on your individual presentation and what you are hoping to understand more clearly.

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Your questionnaire responses and our discussion guide the suggestions we make — ensuring any testing pathway is personalised, relevant, and aligned with your needs.

STAGE 3

 

BLOOD TEST

After reviewing your questionnaire and consultation, we can discuss whether any functional lab testing may be useful to explore, depending on your symptoms, history and goals.

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If you decide to proceed with testing, we can guide you on how to access the appropriate laboratory options.


Many functional tests can be completed through postal kits, which you can do from home.
For tests that require a blood draw, we can help you locate a suitable independent phlebotomy service in your area.

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Our role is to provide clear guidance and support so you understand the different testing options available and can choose the pathway that feels right for you.

STAGE 4

 

ConsultiON

After you receive your test results, we arrange a follow-up online consultation to review your findings together.


During this session, we explore what the results may suggest in the context of your symptoms, history and goals.

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From there, I provide a personalised support plan that may include nutrition strategies, lifestyle approaches, and other supportive recommendations tailored to your needs.

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Understanding Symptoms Often Associated with Lyme-Related Conditions

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Lyme-related symptoms can overlap with many other health issues, which is why the condition is sometimes referred to as “The Great Imitator.”
Many people explore Lyme as a possibility when they’ve had long-standing symptoms that remain unexplained despite previous investigations.

Common symptom patterns people report when exploring Lyme-related concerns include:

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  • Joint or muscle discomfort that changes location

  • Tingling, numbness or burning sensations

  • Persistent fatigue or feeling “tired all the time”

  • Neck or upper-back tightness

  • Headaches, difficulty concentrating or “brain fog”

  • Short-term memory challenges

  • Changes in sleep patterns

  • Occasional speech or writing difficulty

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These types of symptoms can arise for many different reasons — which is why a structured, step-by-step assessment can be helpful when looking for potential contributing factors.

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Patterns That Often Prompt People to Explore Lyme Further

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Many individuals choose to look into Lyme-related conditions when they notice patterns such as:

  • Multiple symptoms occurring together

  • Symptoms that fluctuate (some good days, some difficult days)

  • Pain that moves around the body

  • Symptoms linked to hormonal changes

  • Past antibiotic use noticeably affecting symptoms (positively or negatively)

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These patterns do not confirm Lyme, but they may indicate that Lyme or similar conditions are worth exploring further.

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Why Lyme Can Be Difficult to Identify

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Symptoms linked to Lyme-related conditions can overlap with many other issues including fatigue-related disorders, immune challenges, neurological symptoms, autoimmune-type patterns and long-standing inflammatory responses.

Because these presentations can look similar, the aim of the consultation and questionnaires is not to diagnose, but to:

  • understand your symptoms clearly

  • identify patterns worth exploring

  • consider whether Lyme or any related factors may need further investigation

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This provides a more complete picture of what may be contributing to your symptoms and which next steps may be most appropriate for you.

 

 

Lyme symptoms and Assessment

BACTERIA

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Borellia Burgdoferi

Borellia Miyamotoi

Yersinia

Bartonella

Mycoplasma

Anaplasma

 

 

 

VIRUSES

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Cytomegalovirus

Herpes Simplex 1

Herpes Simplex 2

Epstein-Barr Virus

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YEAST & MOLD

Candida Albians

Aspergillus peptide mix 1 & 2

Penicillum

Stachbotyrs

Fusarium

 

 

**there are many more

 

PARASITES

Babesia

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Exploring Possible Co-Factors and Overlapping Symptom Triggers

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When people experience persistent symptoms that resemble Lyme-related presentations, it’s not unusual for them to also explore whether other factors—sometimes called “co-factors” or “co-exposures”—may be contributing. These may include bacterial, viral, environmental, fungal or immune-related triggers that can create overlapping symptom patterns.

Research and surveys in the Lyme community have noted that individuals who explore Lyme often look into a broader range of potential contributors because symptoms can be wide-ranging and complex. Some people report that more than one factor may be involved, which is why a multi-layered, structured investigation is often helpful.

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Commonly explored co-factors include:

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  • Certain bacteria

  • Viral exposures

  • Environmental moulds

  • Yeast overgrowth

  • Parasitic organisms

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These do not confirm Lyme or any specific condition, but they highlight why people sometimes choose to look at several areas rather than a single explanation.

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Because many of these symptom patterns overlap, part of the functional assessment process is simply to make sure nothing obvious is overlooked—and to help guide which areas may be worth exploring further.

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Why This Matters

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Some individuals notice that symptoms such as fatigue, neurological changes, immune fluctuations or pain patterns persist even when a single test comes back clear. This is one of the reasons people sometimes broaden their investigation to include additional possible contributors.

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Our goal is to help you understand:

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  • The full landscape of potential factors

  • how they may interact

  • Which areas may need deeper exploration

  • Which tests or assessments could be considered

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This approach ensures your health picture is assessed from a wide and thoughtful perspective.

 

 

Bar chart displaying percentages of common co-infections reported among individuals diagnosed with Lyme disease. Bars include Babesia (32%), Bartonella (28%), Ehrlichia (15%), Mycoplasma (15%), RMSF (6%), and Anaplasma (5%). Used for educational purposes to illustrate how frequently co-infections occur in published survey data.

 

THE NEXT STEP

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We aim to make the process as straightforward as possible.


You can begin by completing the first questionnaire using the link below. This helps provide an initial picture of your symptoms and areas that may need further exploration.

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Once completed, if your score suggests further assessment may be helpful, you’re welcome to arrange a consultation to discuss next steps.

 

 

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PaulFoley Clinic — Functional Medicine & Nutritional Therapy Practitioner
Supporting clients across the UK & Ireland through secure, online consultations.

© 2025 Paul Foley Nutrition & Functional Medicine
(All rights reserved)

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